Practical
1 - how to handle and restrain the animal 2 - identification tags + get genetic samples 3 - how to collect urine, feces, blood from rodents 4 - how to administer/injections - intrapeterenoial, subcutaneous, intravenous, euthanasia
C1 - 3
- Replace, Reduce, Refine
C4 - humane end pt
Humane endpt - sacrifice/end suffering because animal has suffered too much. Severity classification
- non recovery - anasthesia.
- mild - mild pain
- moderate - long time. Ex- anesthetized surgery.
- severe - lethal dose
C5 - clinical eval
know normal behaviour, posture, apperance
C6 - harm benefit evals
C7 - genetic
Locus: - place on chromosome where gene lies alleles - variation of gene that occupy the same locus homozygus - from each parent , same allele hetrozygus, from each parent , different allele
knockouts of same gene in different genetic speicies have different effects ?
Inbred/isogenic/consanguineous:
- all animals are homozygus for all loci
- inter crossing bro/sis???
- Intercross = bro and sis mate/ same strain
F1 - first generation, F2 - secoend gen(“F” for intercrossing)
genetic drift - mutation in one … .after many generations .. all genes different
back-crossing: hybird mate with strain “A”, then offspring further with strain “A” (Ni for animal of i th generation)
Substrains: divide inbred into groups congenic: include a single gene via backcrossing consomic: include a full chromosome via backgrossing co-isogenic: genetically identical except for single locus?
Genetically - non defined population
Outbred:
Bottleneck: some genetic couldn’t make it through neck of bottle when choosen
C8 - genetically altered models
Genetic methods and all
C9 - working with geneticaly altered animals
u don’t know welfare state of animals after modifying geneticaly
c10 - microbio management
cross-contatmination is bad for health of huams and animals random sampling calc
c11 - health,safety,
group 1,2,3,4 waste types
c12 - feeding
c13 - administraion and sampling
parenteral - through blood stream, not digestive enteral - go via liver, digestive system immersion - fish, water topical - where action is needed
high gauge - thin neeedle
subcutaneous intramuscular intraperetonial - in abdomonial cavity intravenous - in veins retro-orbital : near eye neonatals > 26G, not more than 20 mu L
c14 - euthanasia
c15 - public outreach
EARA - euro animal research association
Rodent
r1 - rodent bio
5 freedoms
r2 - behaviour and welfare
stereotypies - abnormal behaviours like backflip, circling, jumping
r3 - facilities
hummidty - btn 35 and 80
r4 - housing
static cages - only ventilation ventilated - supply of air special housing for behaviour exp groups of 3 once a week
r5 - husbandry
changing home is stressful for 30-60mins dont do experiment on that day replace water, not refill
nude mice, arthritic mice needing softer bedding diabetic models - need to clean regularly due to frequent urination
r6 - feeding and nutrition
r7 - reporoduction
anogenital distance in male = 2x female lee boot effect - esterous is supress bcoz female is alone. pseudo stimulation of vagina by cotton swab can help whitten effect - synchronize esterus of females by introducing a male. in mouse, not rats bruce effect - in mice, preganant female when smells odour of some other male, gets aborted vandenberg effect - exposure to male, fastens esterus cycle
copulatory plug - male should not prengante already pregant female
r8 - colony management
postpartum estrus - after delivery, become pregnant again
r9 - transport
r10 -recognition of pain
Body condition score : 1 - 5. 3 is good.run hand over spine
Grimace Scale - params 1 to 3
r11 - disease management
common signs of diease./ organ specific comon default conditions - like low urine in c57 hydrocephalus - dome shaped head